Meteorological (MET) information is currently available in several message formats and also in the form of maps or charts and plain text. In the first phase of the programme, SESAR1 (2008-2016), meteorology was addressed mainly under Work Package 11.02 ‘Meteorological Information Services’, with the aim of bringing dedicated MET expertise, technology and information to the programme. It was set up in 2004 to modernize and harmonize ATM systems through the definition, development and deployment of innovative technological and operational solutions with the aim of implementing the Single European Sky regulation package from a technological point of view. After a first 9-year research and development phase (SESAR1), the programme has been conducting a deployment phase aiming at implementing technological solutions validated in SESAR1, in parallel to a second R&D phase called SESAR2020. Its acronym stands for ‘Single European Sky Air Traffic Management Research’. SESAR is one of the largest programmes in the world for ATM modernization. To support the NextGen weather effort, NOAA/NWS has launched a number of efforts to improve dissemination, provide digital aviation services (improves consistency), enhance observational capability (expand ceilometer range), and provide near-real time verification of weather elements important to aviation (meet FAA quality management requirements). These include numerical forecast model output, forecasts of atmospheric turbulence and icing, alphanumeric products such as METAR, TAF and pilot reports, and satellite imagery. Underlying many of these products are observations and forecasts from NOAA. The FAA NWP focuses on aviation-specific products such as precipitation and echo-top mosaics, microburst and terminal wind analyses, and dedicated air traffic decision-making products. CSS-Wx ensures products from both the FAA NWP and from NOAA are available to and useable by FAA systems. The AWD consolidates weather information from various displays into a single display. The NWP ingests information from numerous observation platforms and numerical forecast models, provides a consistent weather picture from the sources, and translates that weather picture into airspace constraints for integration into air traffic decision-making. Components of this architecture include the NextGen Weather Processor (NWP), the Aviation Weather Display (AWD), Common Support Services - Weather (CSS-Wx). To support the aviation weather needs of the NextGen era, the FAA has developed an architecture to provide specific, consistent products and services to operators and air traffic management. This section summarizes FAA and NOAA contributions to NextGen weather. The FAA depends on the National Weather Service (part of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or NOAA) to provide meteorological products and services, but the FAA also has weather programmes in development for NextGen. Primary leadership for the weather component falls to the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) as the Meteorological Authority for aviation weather. The United States' Next Generation Air Transportation System (or NextGen) programme is a multi-department effort aimed at increasing capacity and reliability in the National Airspace System (the NAS), improving safety and security, and minimizing the environmental impact of aviation. Jump to: NextGen | SESAR | CARATS | CMATS | NSS Air traffic flow chart for 2018 (Source: ICAO)Ī description of such large scale ATM modernization programmes and others now follows: In all cases, advanced meteorological information and services have been considered as one of the essential enablers for such improvement of the ATM system. These large scale programmes have included meteorology, each in a different manner. ![]() ![]() For that purpose, several large-scale scale initiatives such as NextGen in the United States, SESAR in Europe and CARATS in Japan have been launched with the objective of moving toward performance-based navigation that will provide safe, secure, efficient and environmentally sustainable air transport system into the 2030s and beyond. Considering the air traffic growth over the last 30 years or more and the expected continued growth in the future, air traffic management (ATM) system modernization is necessary.
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